Lily

Lily (Lilium) - The Lilies are among the most beautiful bulbous plants, combining as they do stateliness and grace with brilliant and delicately-colored flowers. The many kinds in cultivation afford a rich choice. All are beautiful, but some are better suited for particular localities than others. The habit and general character of the plants being so varied, their uses are likewise varied. Some are suited for the rock garden, others for the mixed border, many for the shrubbery—especially for the Rhododendron beds—while not a few are so robust that they are at home in the wild garden, holding their own against native plants. Much of the great northern world of mountain and forest is a Lily garden, and it is impossible to imitate such conditions in ones own garden, so that the best we can do is study the soil of our district and find out the Lilies that grow best there. If one can get half a dozen kinds to grow in the natural soil of a garden, it is as much as we can expect. Lilies are very much governed by the nature of the soil, and to imitate their natural soil is not easy or always possible. Kinds that thrive in peat and leafy soil sometimes perish in loam and cold and heavy soil. After we find the kind that thrive in our soil the next thing is to associate with them evergreen or other choice shrubs. The blooming period of some kinds is rather short, and we do not miss them so much if they emerge out of a shrub. Slight shade is often an advantage, and even grown in the open sun it is much the best to let them come out of a carpet or an undergrowth of some other plants; this will save the soil and give a much prettier effect.

Culture is important, but arrangement and grouping are even more so. There are Lilies which will grow in any ordinary soil; a good, rich loamy soil suits the greater number; others want plenty of sand, so as to keep the soil free; while others can be easily grown in ordinary soil if it is mixed with leaf-mould or peat. In nearly all cases Lilies are more vigorous and brilliant where partially protected from severe frosts, and the flowers last longer when sheltered from the scorching rays of the midday sun. The shrubbery border, among Rhododendrons (for those requiring peat), and the mixed border between shrubs and herbaceous plants, where the young shoots get a slight protection from the early frosts, are among the best situations. A very safe place is near the edge of a Rhododendron bed; soil that will grow Rhododendrons will grow most sorts of Lilies, and afford protection from "blight and spot," which in some seasons, notably when cold and wet, follow drought, greatly injure the growth and flowering of some species, even though the bulbs be unhurt. It should be remembered that bulbs of nearly all Lilies occasionally lie dormant a whole season, and push out luxuriantly the following summer, especially the Martagon tribe.

Manure should never be dug in with the bulbs, though they accept it gratefully if liberally applied as a topdressing after they have been established a year. The only manure to be ug in at planting is rich peat and sand, in the proportion of two parts of peat to one of sea sand. In light soils L. auratum and some others are all the better for a top-dressing of dry clay broken small. Lilies may be divided into three classes—first, those that are best grown in pots, such as neilgherrense, Wallichianum, philippinense, and nepalense; also Wallichianum superbum (sulphureum), Lowi primulinum, Bakeri, new Burmese Lilies; and, in many soils and climates, speciosum, auratum, and longiflorum; secondly, those that are best grown out of doors in loamy soil; thirdly, those that are best grown out of doors in peaty soil. On light soils the following kinds do remarkably well: L. candidum, longiflorum and its varieties, chalcedonicum, excelsum, and the speciosum section; all of the umbellatum, croceum, and elegans type; also tigrinum sinense. For deep loamy soil the best kinds are L. auratum, Szovitzianum, Humboldti, the Tiger family, most of the Martagon group; while in an intermediate soil of leaf-mould, loam, and sand, we advise the planting of Buschianum, philadelphicum; pulchellum, Browni, giganteum, tenuifolium, Krameri, etc. The N. American forms require more peat and more moisture than the other groups. Lilies require, so far as their roots are concerned, a cool bottom, abundant moisture, and, for most kinds, a free drainage. The slope of a hill, facing south-east or south-west, for instance, with water from above percolating through the sub-soil, so as to always afford a supply, without stagnation, would be an admirable site.

The propagation of Lilies is generally and most readily effected by separating the bullets or offsets from the parent bulbs, and these, detached and grown in the same way as the parent, in the course of a year or two make good flowering plants. The scales of the bulbs afford a means of propagation; but this is a slower method. Raising Lilies from seed, if somewhat tedious, has much to commend it, and as many kinds in this country perfect seed in plenty, and the seedlings flower in three or four years, it is quite worth while. The finest kinds, such as the Japanese and Californian Lilies, are now so cheap that it is scarcely necessary to propagate from homegrown plants. It will be well, however, if, by rapid increase or otherwise, they become plentiful enough to adorn the smallest cottage gardens. Several Lilies, chiefly Japanese and Californian, are largely imported every year. As soon as received, all bulbs should be examined, and decaying matter should be removed. They should then be laid in soil, or, better still, cocoa-nut fibre in a moderate condition of moisture, until the bulbs recover their plumpness and the roots are on the point of starting from the base. Then they should be potted or planted out as required; but, before this, decaying scales should have been again removed, as a few of the outside ones are often bruised in transit, and after they have been in the soil a little time decay sets in, which if not then taken off may contaminate the whole bulb. Of those so imported, L. auratum and Krameri should, when potted, be surrounded with sand, but some do well without it. The most difficult to import among the N. American Lilies are L. Washingtonianum and L. rubescens, since, as a rule, they suffer much more than the large, solid bulbs of L. Humboldti, or than those of pardalinum, canadense, and superbum. These solid bulbs should be treated as above directed, but L. Washingtonianum, rubescens, and Humboldti should not be potted, as they never succeed in that way; and indeed all the N. American Lilies do much better if planted out. Those grown in Holland, such as the varieties of davuricum, elegans, and speciosum, etc., arrive plump and sound, but it is much better to lay even these in soil a little while before potting.

Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker - Columbian lily

Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker - Columbian lily

Lilium kelleyanum J.G. Lemmon - Kelley's lily

Lilium kelleyanum J.G. Lemmon - Kelley's lily

Lilium pardalinum Kellogg - leopard lily

Lilium pardalinum Kellogg - leopard lily

See Lilium Auratum

Lilium Bakerianum - A charming Lily covering a wide area of country from Upper Burmah to W. and C. China, growing on steep rocky slopes amongst tall grass and brush-wood, and very variable in its character. It is a delicate plant not easy to keep in health, seeming to need a drier and warmer climate than can easily be given it in this country. The bulbs are small, throwing slender grey stems of 1 to 3 feet, sparingly covered with threenerved leaves. The stems are crowned with umbels of medium-sized drooping flowers, one to six in number, fragrant and creamy-white in color when fully open, with the inside of the tube dotted or splashed with reddish-purple.

Lilium Browni - It is readily distinguished from any other kind by the rich brownishpurple markings on the exterior of the blossoms, which in well-grown plants are sometimes 9 inches in length. It is hardy and vigorous, and succeeds without giving much trouble. In a soil and position which suit L. auratum it flourishes, and need only be lifted every few years and replanted in fresh rich soil. It grows from 2 to 4 feet high, and has deep green foliage distinct from allied kinds. The variety Colchesteri is handsome. Quite recently some remarkably fine and strong-growing varieties of this Lily have been obtained from the district whence L. Henryi came; named by Mr Baker Chloraster and Leucanthum.

Lilium Bulbiferum - one of the handsomest of European Lilies, and is about 2 feet high. It bears large crimson flowers shading to orange. The variety umbellatum is finer and stronger, and has large umbelled clusters of flowers. This Lily is generally distinguished from its congeners by bulblets on the axils of the leaves. It grows freely in ordinary soil, and flowers in early summer. A capital plant for bold groups, and thriving under partial shade or in the open.

Canadian Lily (Lilium Canadense) - This beautiful flower is among the oldest of cultivated Lilies. It is 2 to 4 feet high, and bears, on slender stems, terminal clusters of drooping blossoms usually orange, and copiously spotted with deep brown. It also occurs with red flowers (rubrum) and with yellow flowers (flavum). L. Parvum, L. Bolanderi, L. Grayi, and L. maritimum resemble it, and like it require a partially-shaded position and a moist, deep, peaty soil enriched by decayed leaf-mould. It flowers late in summer, and is very attractive in bold masses, such as are often seen in nurseries about London. Like its allied forms, it makes elegant groups among choice shrubs such as Azaleas and Rhododendrons; and by such an arrangement we get a second bloom and a variety of form from beds that had only one blossoming season, and were poor and stiff in outline; we prevent senseless digging when the groups are once in place; and we keep the shrubs from growing into a solid ugly mass, while they shelter our Lilies.

Lilium Candidum - One of the best-known and loveliest Lilies, seen in almost every cottage garden, and producing snow-white blooms in summer. It dislikes coddling or being meddled with, and thrives best when undisturbed for years in good garden soil. Any attempt to deal with it like the more delicate ones generally results in failure. The best-flowered plants are in old gardens, where the bulbs are allowed to run as they like with no attention whatever. In bold masses, no plants can compare with the common white Lily when in bloom. It is so fair a flower that there is scarcely a place which a good plant or well-grown group of it will not adorn. Moist loam seems to suit it generally, though, like other Lilies, it will grow in a variety of soils. There are two forms in gardens—a thin petalled and a broad petalled form, with petals overlapping and dark stem. This is the handsomest and most vigorous. There is also a late tall variety called speciosum, a beautiful one. It thrives best on calcareous soils.

Scarlet Martagon (Lilium Chalcedonicum) - A very old and handsome Lily, of tall and graceful growth, and bears several pendulous, vermilion, turban-shaped blossoms about the end of July. It is one of the easiest to cultivate, thrives in almost any soil, and is best when well established and left undisturbed. There are a few varieties, majus being the largest and best. The others are graecum, rather taller than the type, and having smaller flowers; pyrenaicum, with yellow flowers; Heldreichi, tall and robust, flowering a week or two earlier; and maculatum, a very handsome form. Native of Greece and Ionian Isles. Similar to the scarlet Martagon is the Japanese L. callosum, a pretty Lily, 1 1/2 to 3 feet high, with slender stems, bearing in summer several brilliant scarlet blossoms. L. carniolicum, of a similar character, is 1 to 3 feet high, and produces in early summer turban-shaped nodding blossoms of bright vermilion or yellow.

Lilium Concolor - A pretty little Lily from Japan, 1 to 3 feet high, bearing three to six bright scarlet flowers, which are spotted with black, star-shaped, and erect. There are some three or four varieties—pulchellum, or Buschianum, an early variety from Siberia, 1 1/2 to 2 feet high, with crimson blossoms; Coridion, with flowers somewhat larger than the type, and of a rich yellow spotted with brown; sinicum, a Chinese form, with four to six crimson flowers heavily spotted and larger than the type; and Partheneion, with scarlet flowers flushed with yellow. This charming Lily and its varieties are quite hardy, though they require some attention in cultivating. They succeed in half-shady places in a soil composed of two parts of peat, one of loam, and one of road-scrapings; but seem to require renewing every few years.

Orange Lily (Lilium Croceum) - One of the sturdiest and hardiest, and therefore one of the commonest of Lilies. It grows in almost any soil or position, and bears in early summer huge heads of large rich orange flowers. In the mixed border it is attractive, but shows best on the margin of a shrubbery, where its stems just overtop the surrounding foliage. It is always best after some years growth. Lilies are said not to like manure, but we have never seen this one so fine as when in wellmanured ground after several years growth.

Lilium Davuricum - A slender European Lily with moderate-sized red flowers, spotted with black. Like L. elegans, it has several varieties, the chief being, Sappho, incomparable, erectum, multiflorum, Don Juan, and Rubens. Being strong growers and flowering freely, they are fine plants for the mixed border, for margins of shrubberies, or for groups or masses, thriving in partial shade as well as in sunny places.

See Lilium Elegans

Lilium Giganteum - A noble Lily of huge growth, and in aspect different from any other. Its bulb is large and conical, and develops spreading tufts of handsome shining heart-shaped foliage. The flower-stems are stout and erect, 6 to 10 feet high, terminated by a huge raceme, 1 to 2 feet in length, of about a dozen long nodding fragrant flowers, which are white and tinged with purple on the inside. It is one of the hardiest Lilies, and gives very little trouble. It flourishes best in a sheltered position, where there is an under-growth of thin shrubs to protect the growth in spring. The soil must be deep and well drained, and must consist of sandy peat and leaf-mould, strengthened by a little rich loam, and plenty of rich manure. At Wisley this noble species is quite at home, and gives many of its towering spikes annually. After flowering and maturing seeds the old bulb perishes, the plant being perpetuated by offsets, which flower three or four years later. Seeds are abundantly produced, and should be sown when ripe, the seedlings appearing the following spring in their hundreds. Seedlings take about eight years before flowering, and should be planted in their permanent positions when about half grown. The planting of giant bulbs fully grown is a fatal error. Nepal.

Lilium Hansoni - A handsome Japanese species, about 4 feet high, having whorls of bright green leaves and a terminal spike of about a dozen bright, orange-yellow, brown-spotted flowers. It flowers about the beginning of June, is quite hardy, and succeeds in sheltered situations in a soil consisting of two parts of peat, one of loam, and one of road-scrapings.

Lilium Henryi - s been erroneously referred to as "an orange-colored speciosum," a misleading description since in habit of growth, flowering, and bulb it is not only distinct from speciosum but entirely unique among its fellows. Of a splendid constitution and one of the most reliable, it is also quite a giant in its way, often attaining 7 to 8 feet high, producing twenty or thirty orange-colored reflexing flowers in a pyramidally-framed head. In flower it is of fine ornament, and few more floriferous. A lime-loving species, it is quite happy in calcareous loams or deep loam, leaf-soil, and old manure. The bulbs attain to a huge size, and being a stem-rooting kind, should be planted 8 inches deep. Because of its fine stature, it associates well with Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, and the twain flowering together in August and later provide a rare picture. Plant in November. C. China.

Lilium Humboldti - A very graceful Lily. The singular beauty of the blossoms and the elegant manner in which they droop from their slender stalks, make it most desirable, and its flowers, on account of their great substance, are more lasting than any other Californian Lily. The stout and purplish stems attain a height of 4 to 8 feet. The leaves are in whorls of from ten to twenty each, and are of a bright green. The flowers differ considerably in color and markings, but are usually bright golden-yellow, richly spotted with crimsonpurple. The variety ocellatum or Bloomerianum is dwarf, and has petals tipped with brownish-crimson. It grows best in an open border of rich peaty or leafy soil of a good depth. Columbi anum (syn. Nitidum) seems to be a smaller variety of this Lily.

Lilium Japonicum - Or Krameri as it is more often called, possesses the most delicate beauty of any. The flowers are of the shape and nearly as large as those of L. auratum. They are either pure white or delicate rosy-pink—generally the latter. L. japonicum is 1 to 3 feet high, and sometimes bears five blooms—but generally only one or two. It is somewhat difficult to grow, owing to its delicate constitution, but the best specimens produced in this country were grown under the same conditions as L. auratum and speciosum. On account of its beauty it deserves the most careful attention. It is a lovely plant for a select spot between choice dwarf shrubs, in free peaty soil or deep sandy loam with vegetable soil in it. When Mr Kramer first sent me this Lily he wrote that he obtained it from a mountainous slope at a high altitude.

Lilium Leucanthum - Though perfectly distinct for garden purposes, this is really a form of L. Browni, brought from the Chinese province of Yunnan, L. myriophyllum and L. formosum (also best regarded as forms of L. Browni) replacing it in adjoining provinces. The stems of L. leucanthum are stout, 3 to 4 feet high, and the leaves narrow and of a lustrous green. The fragrant flowers, borne two to four together, are of a long funnelshape, ruddy-brown on the outside and milk-white within, with a rich yellow throat. Being at its best in August, when no other Lily of the same group is in flower, it promises to be an important gain, the more so as the plant is vigorous and hardy.

See White Trumpet Lily

Lilium Monadelphum - A magnificent Lily of noble growth. The stout flower-stems vary from 3 to 5 feet in height, and are terminated by a pyramid of six to twenty turban-shaped flowers, ranging in color from a rich canary-yellow to a pale lemon-yellow. Some forms have spotted flowers, and some are much larger than others. The varieties are known as L. Szovitzianum, colchicum, and Loddigesianum. L. monadelphum thrives best in moist, deep, loamy soil, well enriched with good manure at the time of planting; but does not show its true character till it has been planted several years. It rarely fails, and is one of the least disappointing of all. It may be readily increased from root-scales, a fact which is taken advantage of by many cultivators, and is the only method of increasing and keeping pure any really good or marked variety. Seed is, however, the readiest way of acquiring a stock of this truly charming plant. The seeds are usually sown in large shallow pans as soon as ripe, and remain there for two years, by which time the bulbs have attained a considerable size; they are then planted in beds in rows 6 inches apart, with 4 inches between the bulbs, replanting when necessary. By this treatment flowers are frequently produced by seedling plants four or five years after sowing.

See Panther Lily

Lilium Parryi - A new and distinct species from California, elegant and slender in growth, and 2 to 4 feet high, bearing graceful trumpet-shaped flowers of rich yellow, copiously spotted with chocolatered, and delicately perfumed. The flowers being borne horizontally, render it very distinct. It grows in elevated districts in S. California, in boggy ground. Not much is known of its culture, but the finest plants have been produced where the soil was two-thirds common peat and one-third loam, with plenty of coarse sand. A bed in a shady spot was selected, in which the bulbs were placed at a depth of 4 inches, having underneath about I foot of the soil. Here the strongest bulbs threw up stems 4 feet in height, and the greatest number of blossoms on one stem for the first season was six.

Lilium Polyphyllum - A rare and beautiful Lily, 2 to 4 feet high, and having large turban-shaped flowers of a waxy white, copiously spotted and lined with purple. N. India. Mr M Intosh of Duneevan, Weybridge, who has been most successful with it, writes: "Sandy loam, peat, or leaf-mould, sand, and charcoal, with a slight admixture of pulverised horsedroppings, and good drainage under the bulbs, are all I have to tell; and I think early staking and tying may have something to do with many growing taller than they otherwise might."

Lilium Pomponium - This lovely Lily must not be confounded with the L. pomponium usually sold as such, this latter being simply the red variety of L. pyrenaicum. L. pomponium is elegant and vigorous, and blooms earlier than the varieties of chalcedonicum and pyrenaicum, to which it is related. It is about 3 feet high, is erect, and has long linear leaves. The flowers appear in a lax raceme I foot through, and a well-established plant will bear as many as twenty flowers. In rich loam it grows luxuriantly in sunshine or shade, and no difficulty is experienced with either home-grown or imported roots. Maritime Alps. L. pyrenaicum, a similar but smaller plant, with small yellow flowers, is a variety of L. pomponium, and the red form is much inferior to the true L. pomponium, though generally sold for it. These varieties require the same culture as L. pomponium. L. pomponium has an extremely offensive odour, and is not, therefore, likely to be used for cutting.

Lilium Regale - This, the handsomest Lily of the Browni group, and formerly known as L. myriophyllum, is nearly allied to L. leucanthum (itself a form of L. Browni), from which it differs in its narrow one-nerved leaves densely crowded on the stems, the absence of bulbils, its earlier flowers, and other minor details. The grey-green stems vary from 1 1/2 to 5 feet in height, bearing fragrant funnel-shaped flowers 5 or 6 inches long, shaded with purple on the outside, and pure white shading to clear yellow on the inside and in the tube. No greater acquisition to the Lily tribe has ever been introduced, it being not only the handsomest but the most reliable of garden Lilies. Sir Herbert Maxwell has said of it that it has "the constitution of a dray-horse and the grace of a thoroughbred." It is not a Lily for peat, and thrives best in cool loam, leaf-mould and sand, preferring distant shade. Perfect drainage is essential. Seeds are produced abundantly, and as the seedlings flower when three years old the wait is not great. Seed may be sown in drills in the open or in frames. Coddling in pans or in the greenhouse is not necessary. The bulbs are found on the scrub-clad mountain sides of W. China at elevations of 3,000 to 6,000 feet, where they seem to prefer rocky, stone-filled soils.

Lilium Speciosum - r lancifolium as it is erroneously called, is one of the most popular for pot-culture, and is no less desirable for the open air, though, being somewhat delicate, it is grown to perfection under glass. It is well known, and we need not describe it. The chief varieties of it are the true speciosum, which has large deep rosy blossoms, richly spotted; vestale, pure white; album, white or faintly tinged with pink; rubrum, deep red; roseum, rosy-pink; punctatum, white spotted with pink; Kraetzeri, very large white flowers with greenish stripe on the exterior; album novum, a somewhat finer variety with light orange anthers, and broader petals of great substance; fasciatum album and fasciatum rubrum, two monstrous varieties bearing numerous flowers on flattened stems. Among the more beautiful Japanese forms are roseum, superbum, and formosum, and rubrum macranthum, cruentum, compactum, and, darkest of all, Melpomene (not the American Melpomene). The speciosum Lilies are stem-rooting, and should be planted deep and generously treated. All the varieties require shelter from winds and draughts, and a rich loamy soil mixed with peat and leaf-manure. They flower for the most part in September, and last longer in bloom than many other Lilies. In good soils, very happy use can be made of these handsome Lilies in warm and sheltered places where their blooms may be fully developed.

Swamp Lily (Lilium Superbum) - One of the stateliest of N. American Lilies, bearing late in summer beautiful orange-red flowers, thickly spotted. It may be recognised at once by its purple-tinged stems, which rise 5 to 10 feet high, and which are very graceful, waving with the slightest breeze. A pyramid of flowers terminates each stem. L. superbum delights in moist deep soil consisting chiefly of peaty and decayed leaf-manure, and is one of the best Lilies for growing in shady woods when the undergrowth is not too rank. In the garden it should have snug glades and nooks protected by shrubs, and moist rich soil. L. carolinianum is a less showy form.

Lilium Sutchuenense - One of the showiest Lilies introduced of recent years. A good idea of it is gained by likening it to a miniature from of the old Tiger Lily, but with no bulbils, narrower leaves, and earlier flowers on very long flatly-spreading stalks. The hairy stalks vary in height from 1 1/2 to 6 feet, with many narrow leaves and a head of bright scarlet flowers covered with black dots, which vary in density and are sometimes wanting altogether. It comes from the grass-clad mountain slopes of the Chino-Thibetan frontier, and is commonly grown by the peasants on the roofs of their houses, and the bulbs used as food. The plant is of easy culture, and flowers in three years from seed. As many as twenty to twenty-five flowers and buds often are produced in a single head, so that when commoner it should be a very handsome garden plant.

Lilium Tenuifolium - A most elegant dwarf Lily, especially valuable for earliness in flowering. It is 1 to 1 1/2 feet high, and has narrow leaves on slender stems, furnished with a cluster of about a dozen brilliant red turban-shaped flowers, which shine like sealing-wax. It succeeds in open warm borders of light sandy loam, but is all the better for a hand-light or frame, as it flowers very early. Siberia and N. China. L. callosum and its form stenophyllum are similar but less showy.

Nankeen Lily (Lilium Testaceum) - This is a distinct colored Lily, and should always be grown, being of easy culture and thriving in any ordinary soil, though preferring one that is peaty. It has the growth of the white L. candidum, but the flowers are a delicate apricot, or nankeen, color. When well grown it is 6 or 7 feet high, and bears several flowers in a large spreading head in late July. Other names for this Lily are L. excelsum and isabellinum. Excellent for deep sandy loam and leafsoil, and endures sun and heat better than most Lilies. It is one of the plants that grow freely in London.

Tiger Lily (Lilium Tigrinum) - This is one of the commonest kinds, and is too well known to need description. No garden should be without it, for few plants are so attractive or have such stately growth. The common kind is handsome, but the variety splendens is much finer, having larger flowers with larger spots, is produced later, and grows 7 feet high. Fortunei is an early form and as desirable as splendens. The double-flowered variety (flore-pleno) is showy and vigorous. Erectum also is distinct and desirable. L. pseudo-tigrinum and the varieties of Maximowiczi, though referred to other species, much resemble L. tigrinum. The Tiger Lily is very easy of cultivation, thriving best in deep sandy loam with an open but sheltered position. The earliest varieties begin to flower at the end of August, and the latest last till the end of October. The Tiger Lily may be quickly propagated by the bulblets, which form in the axils of the leaves.

Lilium Washingtonianum - A lovely Californian Lily, 2 to 5 feet high, bearing a cluster of large, white, purple-spotted flowers that become tinged with purple after expansion. Nearly allied to this, and by some considered a variety, is L. rubescens, which has smaller flowers, which are of a pale lilac or nearly white. These flowers are erect—not horizontal, as in the Washington Lily. Neither L. Washingtonianum nor L. rubescens is easy to grow owing, probably, to their being but little understood at present. The best results have been obtained in partially-shaded situations, in loose, peaty, well-drained, but moist soil.

Lilium Willmottia - A new, choice, and distinct spedes of much promise from W. China. The plant is 3 to 4 feet high, the stem crowded with narrow linear leaves and surmounted by a dozen to fifteen large Turks-cap-like flowers of a glistening red color, and which depend gracefully on thin, wiry, 6-inches-long foot-stalks. It is one of the most floriferous of Lilies for July and early August. It is a stem-rooting kind, and should therefore be planted deep—not less than 6 inches. It does best in cool places in deep loam and leaf-soil, or in positions where the ground is screened from the hottest sun by dwarf shrubs, Azalea mollis, Kalmia, Andromeda floribunda, or Rhododendron racemosum.

Turks-cap Lily (Lilium Martagon) - This is so common that we need only mention its varieties. These are very fine, especially dalmaticum, which has flowers larger than the type, and of a shining blackish-purple, a contrast to the loveliness of the pure white variety (album). Cattaniae is a form of dalmaticum, and scarcely differs from it. Like the type, the varieties thrive freely in a good loamy soil; they are perfectly hardy and are rather partial to shade, growing freely in grassy places, open woods, or copses. Some of the finer varieties are good garden plants, and should be grouped in the spaces between hardy Azaleas or similar flowering bushes.

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